Beat or Beatnik essays

Beat or Beatnik essays Beats and Beatniks - two terms, conventionally related, but worlds apart in actuality. They represent almost total opposites and yet they are linked in the American conciousness in as intimate a way as possible. And what better way to study something than by comparing it to its opposite? And in that study we shall find and define two roles that, though entwined, are drastically different. The term beat was first used by Jack Kerouac in 1948 while talking to his friend Clellon Holmes: "So I guess you might say we're a beat generation." Holmes later wrote an article for the New York Times Magazine, entitled "The Beat Generation," saying: "The origins of the word 'beat' are obscure, but the meaning is only too clear to most Americans. More than mere weariness, it implies the feeling of having been used, of being raw. It involves a sort of nakedness of mind, and, ultimately, of soul; a feeling of being reduced to the bedrock of consciousness. In short, it means being undramatically pushed up against the wall of oneself. A man is beat whenever he goes for broke and wagers the sum of his resources on a single number; and the young generation has done that continually from early youth." ('This Is the Beat Generation':Despite its excesses, a contemporary insists, it is moved by a desperate craving for affirmative beliefs. By CLELLON HOLMES. New York Times. New York, N.Y.: Nov 16, 1952. pg. SM10, 4 pgs) Soon Ginsberg and Kerouac were emphasizing the "beatific" qualities of the word, making of it a mystical, transcendental experience. Ginsberg explained, "The point of Beat is that you get beat down to a certain nakedness where you actually are able to see the world in a visionary way, which is the old classical understanding of what happens in the dark night of the soul." (Scumacher, Dharma Lion, p. 261) Howl led the way; Kerouac's On the Road followed with unprecedented media attention; Burroughs' Naked Lunch, banned and vilified, brok...

Should There Be Private Universities Essays

Should There Be Private Universities Essays Should There Be Private Universities Essay Should There Be Private Universities Essay rivate universities in India why? how? Why do we need private universities? Higher education in India has largely been the preserve of the Government till recently in terms of both funding and provision of education. But for this to continue, the Government should continue to be in a position to pour in large sums of money to fund higher education. Today, the Government is unable to find the funds even to keep up its own commitment of spending 6% of GDP on education. There is also a clamour to spend more of what little funding the Government has allocated for education, on primary education than on higher education, and quite rightly so, given that many children dont even get a basic primary and secondary education today. Thus the Government spending on higher education as a percentage of overall government spending on education is only likely to decrease further in the coming years. But the demand for higher education is continuing to increase with more and more students wanting a higher education today than ever before. How can we bridge the gap between increasing demand and decreasing government funding for higher education? The only option is to tap the private sector to participate in the funding and provision of higher education. The process of increasing private participation in higher education has already begun with a few states like Chhattisgarh and Uttaranchal having passed legislation to permit the setting up of private universities in their states. Indeed the private sector has been funding higher education in India for a long time, albeit on a very limited scale. The Birla Institute of Technology and Science at Pilani in Rajasthan, which is funded and run by the Birla Group Trust, became an officially recognised university as far back as 1964. Other institutions like the Manipal Group in Manipal in Karnataka have been running private colleges since 1953 and the Manipal Academy of Higher Education became a deemed university in 1993. Many other self-financing colleges were set up in the early 1990s and a few of them have now become deemed universities. Problems arising out of poor regulation of private universities After the passing of legislation in Chhattisgarh in 2002 (and subsequently in other states like Uttaranchal), to facilitate the establishment of private Universities with a view to creating supplementary resources to assist the State Government in providing quality higher education, there was a spate of private universities that were set up under the Chhattisgarh Act. The Chhattisgarh legislation was passed in a hurry without much care, leaving many loopholes in the Act, which were quickly exploited by many organisations that set up private universities, without a serious commitment to higher education. Many of the private universities set up under the Chhattisgarh Act did not have either the infrastructure, or a campus, or the funds to provide quality higher education, and functioned out of one-room tenements. The Chhattisgarh Act did not provide for proper regulation and maintenance of standards by these universities and moreover, the Chhattisgarh Government did little to ensure that the private universities did what they were expected to do according to the legislation. Students who signed up for courses offered by private universities set up under the Chhattisgarh Act were being taken for a ride by many private universities who had no capability to offer quality courses. Prof. Yashpal, former chairman of the University Grants Commission, petitioned the Supreme Court in 2004 to declare the Chhattisgarh legislation unconstitutional and the Supreme Court after due deliberation concurred and declared in February 2005 that all the private universities set up under the Chhattisgarh Act were illegal, putting the careers of all the students who enrolled in the institutions set up by the private universities in jeopardy. But to protect the interests of the students, the Supreme Court directed the Chhattisgarh Government to take appropriate steps to have such institutions affiliated to the already existing State Universities in Chhattisgarh. It is important to note that the Supreme Court did not state that all private universities are illegal it has only stated that the manner in which the Chhattisgarh legislation allowed the setting up of private universities was illegal. The problem is not with private participation in higher education, but with the poorly drafted Chhattisgarh legislation and the lack of proper egulation. Given the Governments lack of funds for higher education and the increasing demand for higher education, we simply cannot do without private universities. We have no option but to tap private funding for higher education. The task before us now is to come up with ways and means to ensure that private universities are properly regulated, yet autonomous and independent enough to flo urish, and held to high standards to provide quality higher education. How can we ensure private universities are held to high standards? We can borrow the model from the corporate sector. Just as all companies are required by law to publish annual reports providing details of their assets, liabilities, profits and losses, the profiles of the board of directors and the management and various other financial information, every educational institution (whether public or private) should publish an annual report with details of the infrastructure and facilities available, profiles of the trustees and the administrators, the academic qualifications and experience of the staff, the courses offered, the number of students, the results of the examinations, the amount of funds available to the university and the sources of funding etc. In addition, every educational institution must get itself rated by an independent rating agency like CRISIL, ICRA or CARE and publicly announce its rating to prospective students to enable the students to choose the institution they want to enroll in. At one stroke, this will bring in transparency and ensure that every educational institution, whether public or private, is accountable not only to those students who are studying in the institution, but to prospective students and the public at large as well. Public announcements of the financial and educational records of the institutions as well as their ratings by independent rating agencies will generate healthy competition between the various private institutions and will also put pressure on the Government funded institutions to work towards all-round improvement. Such a system is already in place for maritime education in India. In 2004, the Directorate General of Shipping (DGS), which regulates maritime education in India, introduced a system of rating maritime training institutions in India. In 1996, maritime education was opened to private sector participation and over 130 private institutions are in operation today. To ensure that all institutions provide high quality education, the DGS has asked all maritime educational institutions to get themselves rated by one of the three reputed independent rating agencies in India – CRISIL, CARE or ICRA. The publicly announced ratings will benefit he students, in deciding which institution to enroll in, the institutes, in differentiating themselves based on their quality, the employers, in assessing the quality of students graduating from the institutes and the DGS as well, to non-intrusively regulate the maritime education sector and ensure high quality of education. Maritime education institutes, both public and private, are now getting themselves rated by independent rating agencies and the DGS lists the ratings on its web site. Introducing a similar model across all other sectors of higher education including engineer ing, medicine, arts, sciences etc. ill ensure that only those institutions with better facilities, staff and infrastructure and reputations will thrive. This will go a long way in ensuring the provision of quality higher education not only in the private sector, but in the public sector as well. The Centre and the States should pass legislation to make it mandatory for all higher education institutions to publish a detailed annual report of their financial and educational status and also be rated by independent rating agencies and publicly announce their ratings.

Maggie and Dee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Maggie and Dee - Essay Example Her dress, in striking shades of yellow and orange and her confident glide of a walk reflect her personality and, along with the gold earrings and bracelets, call out loudly for attention. Her hair, with its’ deliberately accentuated African style, is a defiant statement of identity. Maggie, with her burnt and scarred limbs and thin body is a poor contrast to her attractive sister. She is dressed in a nondescript pink skirt and red blouse. She does not walk, but shuffles, â€Å"chin on chest, eyes on ground.† She has a â€Å"dopey, hang dog look,† which is further accentuated by her use of checkerberry snuff. The sisters’ physical appearances are almost caricatures of their personalities. Dee’s personality exhibits an aggressive confidence and an assertive, individual style. She can â€Å"look anyone in the eye† and not back down. She is resolute, well-spoken and spirited. She adamantly faces life on her own terms. Even her style of reading is pitiless and more of an imposition than a narration. She is as â€Å"sweet as a bird† when she customarily gets her own way. When thwarted, her anger and hatred show through. It is revealing that she has a caustic humor, â€Å"that erupted like bubbles in lye,† and many admirers, but no friends. On the other hand, Maggie’s personality reflects her rather fatalistic acceptance of her inferior standing. Her scars, of which she is ashamed, have further undermined her confidence. She is shy, â€Å"stands hopelessly in corners,† hides behind doors and is nervous of strangers, backing away sweating and trembling in alarm from ‘Asalamalakim.’ When Maggie reads, she â€Å"stumbles along good naturedly†: the sister’s respective reading styles reflect their personalities. Dee’s attitude towards her identity as a black woman is to flaunt it as a badge of defiance to the world. She takes pictures of the house and her family, as if they were curiosities. For all the ostentatious

Analyzing Al-Qaeda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyzing Al-Qaeda - Essay Example Its associates have carried out attacks against prospects in a range of countries around the world, the most prominent being the September 11, 2001 attacks that were on the twin towers and the pentagon in New York and Northern Virginia. After the September 11 attacks, the United States government started a wide military and intelligence operation commonly known as the War on Terrorism, with the objective of dismantling al-Qaeda and killing or capturing its operatives and members. The leadership of this terrorist organization is held by Osama bin Laden, an active character in Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Second to him in the organization is Ayman al Zawahiri who is an Egyptian surgeon. Apart from this other regional leaders also exist. One senior al-Qaeda member, Muhammad Atef was killed in the U.S. air strikes in Afghanistan, and another top commander, Abu Zubaydah, was arrested in Pakistan in March 2002. In March 2003, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed the mastermind behind the 9/11 attacks, and al-Qaeda's treasurer, Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi were also captured in Pakistan. The Al Qaeda network basically extracts its funds and financing from extremists around the world and the Arab world that is rolling in money from oil exportation. When Soviet invasion in Afghanistan had to be stopped United States itself funded Osama bin laden, but since the first terrorist attacks the funding was stopped. INFRASTRUCTURE The organization does not operate from a single head quarter but from different locations and through different groups. Any terrorist act performed by the organization is accepted in a video tape usually launched after the activity. The organization has branches in hundred countries around the globe including the United States. Anti terrorist campaigns have successfully broken Al-Qaeda's cells in the United States, Albania, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, United Kingdom, and Uganda. PLANNING There are different planners for different activites, mostly people related to the region of the terrorist activity are selected for planning the terrorist activity that is going to take place. After the fall of the talibans in Afghanistan the main head quarters of Al Qaeda has been shattered and now the organization operates from different locations through out the world. Al Qaeda has targeted American and other Western interests, Jewish targets and Muslim countries it sees as corrupt or non religious plus the the Saudi monarchy. The list of attacks include. Bomb attacks on Madrid commuter trains, which killed nearly 200 people and resulted in more than 1,800 injuries. Car bomb attacks on three compounds in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Car bomb attack and an attempt that did not succeed to shoot down an Israeli plane with missiles, both in Mombasa, Kenya. Attack on a French tanker off the coast of Yemen. Many bombings in Pakistan Explosion of a fuel tanker in Tunisia. The major Hijacking attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Bombings of the U.S. embassies in Nairobi, Kenya, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The main methods of attacking used are suicide bombing, planting bombs at locations and hijacking planes. The attacks have led to the death of millions of innocent people and have left a mark of terror on people,

MGT501 - Management and Organizational Behavior Mod 5 Case Assignment Essay

MGT501 - Management and Organizational Behavior Mod 5 Case Assignment - Essay Example This paper will discuss these two articles in such a way as to begin to understand the management style needed today. It would be interesting to note that there has always been management controversy. There are those that believe that "management is a set o processes that can keep a complicated system of people and technology running smoothly" (Kotter, 1998, pg 26). There are also those that believe as Kennedy (1998) that "old style management is out. Younger workers do not want to be managed". According to Kennedy, workers want to be taught to manage their positions themselves and they judge their managers by the ability to do this. Kotter, on the other hand would say that workers are looking for management based on the different among them. For example, how you need to be managed is different than how your friend needs to be managed. Looking seriously at the Kennedy article and the Sun article, it is noted that there are some differences as well as some disagreements. Sun (2009) is suggesting ten ways to manage to stay out of trouble when it comes to the politics in the office and Kennedy (1998) is suggesting that the new generation of employees really does not care about what others think, that the next job is just down the road and if they get a bad recommendation, they will deal with it. Kennedy also believes that direct reports are the audience and that should be remembered and at the same time Sun indicates that it important that direct reports do not see that you might get involved in office politics. It also appears in Kennedys article that the newer generation of healthcare workers has a tendency to use the grapevine for passing information or gaining information and Sun (2009) warns not to get involved in the gossip sessions that occur in the office, especially not those that may be putting down the org anization or the boss. It is quite interesting as we look at this subject that the Kennedy article and

Can War Be Abolished? Theories and Causes of War

Can War Be Abolished? Theories and Causes of War CAN WAR BE ABOLISHED Introduction   According to the Clausewitz War is a mere continuation of the policy. So the question arises can the policy be abolished? Or is war inevitable? and we may find no simple answer to these questions. War is defined as a violent action in which one side i.e. State ‘A’ endeavours to impose its will on the other side i.e. State ‘B’ through the use of force. In modern times non state actors and terrorists are also seen inviting the wrath of a state or certain states coalition. There is no single agreed upon definition of war and no two wars are ever quite similar in opposing forces, objectives and gains. Before we dwell any further in an attempt to answer the aforesaid question it is deemed pertinent to analyse the theory of war and its root causes. Only then we shall be able to seek the true answer to our question whether the war can be abolished and if so under what conditions and circumstances. Theories of War War is a complex societal phenomena rather than unchangeable human nature. History of war is as old as the recorded history of mankind on this planet, but according to war analysts this does not make it law of nature. According to Clausewitz concept of Trinity, military component of nation is a non-rational actor and subjected to political leadership in whose domain lies the rational decision making process. After the introduction of Nuclear Weapons in WW II concept of warfare has been drastically altered. The enormous destructive power of this type of weapon, which can wipe out the human race from this planet, has set such a strong deterrence that many wars have been averted particularly among the nuclear weapon states. In Bernard Brodie’s words â€Å"from now on the chief purpose of army is not to fight wars but to avert them†. There are typically two broad theories categorised by the analysts to describe the phenomenon of war. a.  Normative Theory. It seeks to find out what the things ought to be. The ethics and morals and what is right and what is wrong. Is war justified and if so under what conditions wars can be fought. b.  Empirical Theory.  This theory deals with the historical evidence of the evolution of warfare. Circumstances leading to the on set of war, various techniques employed during the conduct of war and the reasons for the victory or defeat. Reasons for War There are number of different reasons for which wars are fought amongst the states. Kenneth N Waltz describes that in the domain of international relations the identification of level of analysis i.e. â€Å"individual, state or international system† is important. Apropos in this discourse state level shall be focused as the primary level of analysis to identify the reasons of war. Some of them are briefly described in succeeding paragraphs. a.  Territorial/Border Disputes. Most wars are fought between the two states due to territorial or border disputes. Soon after the rapid decolonization process which began in first half of 20th century, the nations were found contended with or settling down their geographical borders with their neighbours. Empirical evidence shows where this element is found missing the states tend to go to war to settle their disputes, which they are unable to resolve through other means particularly the negotiations. b.  Hegemonic Ambition.The great powers in pursuit of dominance on ground and at seas waged wars through out 19th and 20th century. However, in current times this aspect is diminishing due to economic concerns and effects of global trade and commerce. c.  Internal Balance. Some times the wars are fought due to internal political disturbance where elite or ruling party in order to preserve its power or hold over the state initiates violent use of force. This type of war is often characterised by onslaught of psychological warfare directed at enemy and home front. This type is very common in the modern times. d.  Leadership Aspects.The democratic form of governing a state is gaining popularity and autocracy is giving away. The wars fought in the past were particularly characterized by the desires and lust of power by the kings and princes. Many wars were fought due to personal orientation of the tyrannical leadership. However, democracies have been found of avoiding wars primarily due to economic concerns and well being of their people. e.  Weak State vs Strong State.Since the distribution of natural resources amongst various nation-states is not equal hence some times wars are fought by strong states against weaker states to gain access to their resources. Another dimension is a weak state waging war against a parity or strong state in the realm to settle the old scores. Most of these wars have been characterized by the precondition of ‘opportunity rather than necessity’ arising out of an internal disturbance/weak situation in other country. How War Can be Abolished Throughout centuries mankind has passed through a process of evolution so is the history of warfare. Through the course of history technology has also played its part in the evolution of warfare. After years of quest man was able to invent a weapon considered enough to destroy all the inventions; Nuclear weapons have since then altered the strategy of war particularly among nuclear states or their respective alliances. Deterrence concept had never been so well established as particularly during the cold war period, which averted successfully any war between USSR and USA and/or other NATO countries in Europe. This concept of deterrence has also worked well in establishing strategic stability in South Asia and has averted major wars between India vs Pakistan or India vs China; whose source of animosity particularly lies in border disputes and resolution of Kashmir issue. Apart from nuclear deterrence there could be other multifaceted aspects which can help to abolish war. Some of these aspects are briefly discussed in succeeding paragraphs. a.  Political System.People are generally peace loving and require welfare and freedom to go about their daily life as per their desires and socio-religious practices. A democratic form of government, which is by the people, of the people, and for the people greatly manifests the true aspirations of the masses. Apropos in last century the phenomena of decolonization and rise of democratic form of governments gained popularity. Empirical evidence exists that democracies don’t like to fight wars and tend to settle inter state disputes through talks. The political and diplomatic have thus proved effective in averting the impending wars. b.  Economic Interdependence.A major effect that globalization has ensued is economic interdependence. Natural and other resources are not equally spread thought the world. The general global peace after World War II has seen increased economic interdependence amongst the states. Thus mutual dependency is also being viewed as a reason for avoiding war amongst states. Europe has seen war for hundreds of years but European Union is a success story. The EU members states are required to fulfill two preconditions to become eligible, one to have democratic form of government and second to have no border disputes with their neighbouring states. c.  Economic Strength.Countries with strong economic power are able to exert their influence on other economically weak states to do their will, without going to war with that state. Countries like USA, China, Japan, Germany and Switzerland exercise their influence in respective areas of interest due their strong economies. d.  Strong Defence.Strong defence of a nation is manifested though it’s military power. It guarantees its sovereignty and keeps impending threats at bay and enemies under check. e.  Strong Alliance.Alliance of a group of states particularly with a super power has become a source of strength. It has minimized the chances of wars of opportunity against weaker states that have joined strong alliances e.g. NATO. f.  Role of MNC’s.Due to financial implications the Multinational Corporations (MNC’s) which are spread throughout the world irrespective of political boundaries exert their influence on states as war is detrimental to their business interests. Conclusion Abolishing the war is both desirable and possible despite human limitations. The cumulative effect of political, military and economic strength coupled with higher literacy rate, acquisition of advanced technologies and employment opportunities for the youth can act as strength of national power. Socio cultural affinity and religious freedom of the masses living in an allegiance within the political boundaries and respecting the same for those living across the borders makes a state stable and less prone to war. Apropos it can be concluded that principles of social justice and mutual coexistence are the hallmarks for attaining global peace. References: Kenneth waltz The Causes of War

Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White Essay example -- Charlotte Web E.B. Whi

Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White Fern convinced her dad not to kill the runt pig and he gave it to her to take care of. She named him Wilbur. Wilbur was getting bigger and bigger and eating more and more. He had to be sold so Fern called her aunt and uncle the Zuckermans. The goose told Wilbur that there was a loose board in his pen. He escaped but he got tired, hungry and afraid. Uncle Homer lured him back to his pen with food. Wilbur had a terrible, horrible, no good, very bad day because it was raining and his plans got ruined. He started to cry, but then he heard a soft friendly voice. The voice said, "Salutations!" At first he didn’t know who said it. Then he saw a large gray spider waving at him. It was Charlotte. It is summer and school is out for Fern and Avery. The goslin...

John Locke Leader of the Enlightenment Essay

John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. A ll three rightspertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Locke discusses the need for three natural rights, the right to property, life and liberty. All three rights pertained to equality and seeing as the Enlightenment Era revolved around individualism, his development and support of Natural Rights made him a great influence and role-model. Furthermore, John Locke was against the Divine Right of Kings and believed that there was no one true ruler that was chosen by god. He instead believed that the ruling force should be decided by the citizens of a country. This in turn allowed the citizens more liberty and thus more equality – everyone’s votes counted and each vote was equal. His belief in Natural rights also influenced many other movements and laws such as the French Revolution, the US Constitution, the American Declaration of Independence and The Social Contract. If it wasn’t for him and his literature, many leaders of the Enlightenment such as Voltaire wouldn’t have been inspired to come up with and share their ideas. John Locke’s influences on politics, equality and the other leaders of the Enlightenment were immense, thus making him one of the greatest leaders of The Enlightenment. John Locke has had a great impact on governments, other leaders and equality during the Enlightenment, thus making him the most influential leader of that era. Locke’s literature – specifically his book The Two Treatises of Government – was the key to many of his contributions. â€Å"By far the most influential writings emerged from the pen of scholar John Locke† (Powell, Jim). In this book, Loc.

The Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 essays

The Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 essays The Revolutionary War in 1775 and the War of 1812 are both similar and at the same time different. The Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 are similar in that, they both were fought mainly by the British and the North American colonist. At the same time, the two wars are different because they were influenced by different factors. As soon as the colonist got settled in North America, Britain began interfering with economic and political affairs of the colonies. Laws such as the Quarterly Act were examples of Britain influencing in the political affairs. Laws such as the Stamp Act were examples of economic interference in the colonies. The colonists were outraged by such events and started to rebel against their mother country. Soon people began to boycott British goods, which aggravated the situation even more. After the several boycott attempts, such as the Boston Tea Party incident, an event in time known as the Boston Massacre occurred. Though only a few people were killed, it was much exaggerated. Soon enlightened ideas were spread throughout the colonies. Ideas like, natural rights, encouraged people to break off from England. To ensure the majority of the colonial citizens, colonial leaders brought in an English writer named, John Locke, to write a pamphlet to encourage nationalism and to break off fro m the British. In 1775, The North American colonist and the English engaged in a massive war in North America to determine who would control the thirteen colonies. Future political leaders such as Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, and Adams bravely led the Minute Men. Many battles were lost, and many were won. Battles such as the Battle of Saratoga, and Bunker Hill, helped inspire the colonists to keep fighting the British and eventually defeating the British. When the Revolutionary War was over, the colonies were in a high state of nationalism and were in a huge debt to others. At the same time, the Rev. War had many positiv...

How to Keep a Reading Log or Book Journal

How to Keep a Reading Log or Book Journal A reading log or book journal is a great place to note your reactions to what youre reading. Writing down your responses will allow you to discover  how you feel about the characters. Youll also gain insight into the theme and plot, and it may enable you to deepen your overall enjoyment of reading literature. You can keep a hand-written reading journal using a notebook and a pen, or you can keep an electronic one on a computer or tablet.   Below are a few idea starters to get your creative juices flowing. Feel free to build your list of questions. You may find yourself starting a life-long habit of keeping a reading log or book journal. How to Keep a Reading Journal First and foremost, start recording your immediate reactions to the text as you read it. Begin with  the opening chapter of the book. How do your impressions change (if they do) after reading half the book? Do you feel any differently after finishing the book? Would you read the book again? What emotions did the book invoke: laughter, tears, smiles, anger? Or did the book seem boring and meaningless you? If so, why? Record some of your reactions. Sometimes books touch you, reminding you of your own life as part of the larger human experience. Are there connections between the text and your own experience? Or does the book remind you of an event (or events) that happened to someone you know? Does the book remind you of what happened in another book youve read? Write about the characters, considering these questions: Which one is your favorite? What do you like about that character?Are there any personality traits that youd like to have?Conversely, is there a character you dislike? Why?What traits could you change about that character? Do you think that any of the characters represent  real  people?Does anything about a particular character seem to be related to the authors true personality?Do any of the characters represent general personality types? Is the author commenting on these types of people? Consider the Names Used in the Book If you were the author, would you have changed the name of a character or altered the location of a scene?What does the name mean to you?Do you have a negative connotation associated with the name (or the place)?What would you name the character instead?What would you use as a setting? Do You Have More Questions Than Answers? Upon finishing the book, does it leave you with questions? What are they?Would you like to direct your questions at a particular character?What questions would you like to ask the author of the book?Are they questions that you may be able to answer by reading more about the authors life and works?   Being Confused is Okay Are you confused about what happened (or didnt happen) in the book?What events or characters do you not understand?Does the use of language in the book confuse you?How did your confusion affect how you liked the book?Is there anything that the author could have done to clarify or answer any questions you were left with? Taking Notes Is there an idea in the book that makes you stop and think or prompts questions? Identify the idea and explain your responses. What are your favorite lines or quotes? Copy them into your journal and explain why these passages caught your attention.   How have you changed after reading the book? What did you learn that you never knew before? Who else should read this book? Should anyone  be discouraged from reading this book? Why? Would you recommend the book to a friend or  classmate? Would you like to read more books by this author? Have you already read other books by the author? Why or why not? What about other similar  authors  or authors of the same period? Write a summary or review of the book. What happened? What didnt happen? Capture what stands out about the book for you (or what doesnt). Tips on Keeping a Book Log Keeping a reading log or book journal can work well for poetry, plays, and other works of literature as well, though you may want to adjust the questions accordingly.  Consider reading the diaries, logs, or journals that great writers have kept about their reading experiences. You may even be able to compare notes. How do your reactions to books compare to the thoughts of famous writers?

The Analytic Paper-Analyzing between a film and Freudian theory Essay

The Analytic Paper-Analyzing between a film and Freudian theory - Essay Example The book has been widely used in reference to most of the psychoanalysis on human behavior. Scientists and psychoanalysts regard Freud as an important person shedding lots of information regarding human behavior. According to Freud, human beings are under control of the id, the ego, and the super ego that controls the desires and satisfaction of humans. Civilization and its discontents largely dwell on the super ego, ego, and the id nature of human kind that mainly aims at benefiting ones desires but fails to protect the surrounding environment (Heffner). The super ego character makes humans lazy and selfish. For this reason, human crave for sexual desire and the best things in the society at all cost. This leads to theft, killing, rape, and drugs and substance abuse in the society. The desire to satisfy one’s own wishes makes life hard and disappointing. For this reason most people resort to ways which are harmful both individually and the whole society. According to Freud in his analysis of Civilization and its discontents, civilization is built upon human instincts. This is mainly aimed at getting pleasure. This is practically evident from James Whale’s film the Frankenstein of 1931. On the contrary, civilization is against all these odds in the society and therefore set rules in the society that protect one individual from one another and establishes the need to have common interests in the society. The rules set by the society have severe punishment if broken. For this reason, human beings become discontented by the simple act of civilization. According to Freud, love will sometimes lead to humility, self-injury, and limitation of narcissism. In the case of the film Frankenstein, this is true. James whale directed a horror film by the name Frankenstein in 1931 (Michael Brunas). The film is about Frankenstein, a scientist is wishing to fulfill his egocentric motives. The young man withdraws

Sigmund Freud.His Conception Of Mental Illness Essay

Sigmund Freud.His Conception Of Mental Illness - Essay Example For a long time, mental handicaps were seen as completely insurmountable, just something that nobody could engage with or do anything about. In the 20th century, though, that began to change. The notion that mental illness was treatable began to become widespread, and mental hospitals because places of treatment rather than mere confinement. A good example of the changing attitudes is the 1975 film One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, based on Ken Kesey’s 1962 novel of the same title. In it, Randle McMurphy, played by Jack Nicholson, is transferred from prison to a mental institution, where he challenges the way the institution is run. Prior to his arrival, the institution is essentially a holding pen, a place where people are kept because society doesn’t want to deal with them. There is no real expectation that anyone ever will, or ever can, leave the institution or be cured of their problems. Indeed, McMurphy initially goes there because he thinks it will be an easier place than prison to serve out the remainder of his sentence, only to discover that one he’s in the institutional system, he can be kept there indefinitely against his will. However, by engaging with the other patients as human beings, McMurphy challenges the authority of the institutional system.... The 1960s were a fertile time for changing attitudes, and the liberation of McMurphy’s compatriots should be seen in that context. In 1968, the Special Olympics were founded, as parents of mentally disabled children were encouraged for the first time to take pride in their offspring despite their disability. Prior to this era, such parents were frequently told to have their children permanently institutionalized, and tell people they were dead. As another example, three years prior to the release of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, there had been a famous television expose of the Willowbrook State School, a grossly abusive and inadequate institution for mentally disabled children and youths. It led to a public outcry and a series of reforms in how such institutions were run. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, in that sense, is chronicling an unfolding cultural narrative about the treatment of mental handicaps; it’s a story about changing attitudes that came out in a time of changing attitudes. There is often an easy narrative applied to the Civil War, one in which evil, racist Confederates are opposed by virtuous, non-racist Union troops. Few would phrase it in exactly that way, but that is the basic structure of the model many people absorb from pop culture and conventional wisdom. Like most such good-vs.-evil narratives, it is a gross oversimplification that misses much of its own point. Reality is, as ever, more complex. At another end of the spectrum, one finds those who insist that the war had nothing to do with slavery, that that was a mere incidental issue. Considering that every state that seceded wrote an elaborate proclamation of their reasons, and that every one of those documents cites slavery as their central ideological issue, the